Aaron Hillel Swartz November 8, — January 11, was an American computer programmerentrepreneur, writer, political organizer, and Internet hacktivist. A prolific programmer, Swartz helped develop the web feed format RSSthe technical architecture for Creative Commons —an organization dedicated to creating copyright windpws, the website framework web. Swartz was involved in the development of the social news aggregation website Reddit until his departure from the company in On January 6,Swartz was arrested by Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT police on state breaking-and-entering charges, after connecting a computer to the MIT network in an unmarked and unlocked closet, and setting it to download academic journal articles systematically from JSTOR using a guest user account issued fuest him by MIT.

Aaron Swartz was born in Highland Park25 miles 40 km north of Chicago[2] [21] into a Gudst family. At an early age, Swartz immersed himself in the study accouunt computers, programming, the Internet, and Internet culture. In 2016 microsoft office update free download, at age 12, he created the website The Info Network, a user-generated encyclopedia.

During Swartz’s first year at Stanford, he applied to Y Combinator ‘s first Summer Founders Program, proposing to work on a привожу ссылку called Infogami, a flexible content management yuest designed to create rich windows 10 guest account reddit free visually interesting websites [35] or a form of wiki for windows 10 guest account reddit free data. After working on it with co-founder Simon Carstensen over the summer ofSwartz opted not to return to Stanford, choosing instead to continue to develop and seek funding for Infogami.

As part of his work on Infogami, Swartz created the web. In early fall ofhe worked with propellerhead reason crack free download fellow co-founders of another nascent Y-Combinator firm, Redditto rewrite its Lisp codebase using Python and web.

Although Infogami’s platform was abandoned after Not a Ссылка на подробности was acquired, Infogami’s software was used to support the Internet Archive windows 10 guest account reddit free Open Library project and the web.

When Infogami failed to find further funding, Y-Combinator organizers suggested Infogami merge with Reddit[37] [38] which it wccount in Novembercreating a new firm, Not a Bug, devoted to promoting both products.

Although both projects winndows struggled, Reddit made large gains in popularity in — InSwartz founded Watchdog. InSwartz downloaded about 2. The Huffington Post characterized his actions this way: “Swartz downloaded public court documents from the PACER system in an effort to make them available outside of the expensive service.

The move drew the attention of the FBI, which 110 decided not to press charges as the documents were, in fact, public. Orgcontended should be free, because federal documents are not covered by copyright. After reading Malamud’s call for action, guext Swartz used a Perl computer script running on Amazon cloud servers to download the documents, using credentials belonging to a Sacramento library.

On September 29,[52] the GPO suspended the free trial, “pending an evaluation” of the program. They brought wibdows of U. District Court records geust from behind Redidt “pay wall”, he said, and found them full of privacy violations, including medical records and the accounh of minor children and confidential informants. We sent our results to the Chief Judges of 31 District Courts They redacted those documents and they yelled at the lawyers that filed them The Judicial Conference changed their privacy rules.

So they called the FBI Writing in Ars TechnicaTimothy Lee, [57] who later made use of the documents obtained by Swartz as a co-creator of RECAP, offered some insight into discrepancies in reports on how much data Swartz downloaded: “In a back-of-the-envelope calculation a few по этому адресу before the autodesk inventor 2018 ilogic (1st edition) free download crawl was shut down, Swartz guessed he got around 25 percent of the documents in PACER.

The New York Times acvount reported Swartz had downloaded “an estimated 20 percent of the entire database”. Based on the facts that Swartz downloaded 2. Inwanting to learn about effective activism, Swartz helped launch the Progressive Change Campaign Committee. Как сообщается здесь[61] Swartz co-founded Demand Progress[62] a political advocacy group that organizes people online to “take action by contacting Congress and other leaders, funding pressure tactics, and spreading the word” about civil liberties, government reform, and other issues.

During academic year —11, Swartz conducted research studies on political corruption as a Lab Fellow in Harvard University’s Edmond J. Safra Research Lab on Institutional Corruption. Author Cory Doctorow tuest, in his novel Homeland”drew on advice from Swartz in setting out how his protagonist could use the information now available about voters to create a grass-roots anti-establishment political campaign. Now it’s up to windows 10 guest account reddit free to change the system.

Let me know if I can help. Swartz was involved in the campaign to prevent passage of the Stop Online Piracy Act SOPAwhich sought acdount combat Internet copyright violations but was criticized on the basis that windows 10 guest account reddit free would make it easier for the U. Windowd bill Essentially, it stopped Americans from communicating entirely with certain groups I called all resdit friends, and windows 10 guest account reddit free stayed up all redit setting up a website for this new group, Demand Progress, with an redidt petition opposing this noxious bill We [got] We met with the staff of members of Congress and pleaded with them And then it passed unanimously And then, suddenly, the process stopped.

Senator Ron Wyden He added, “We won this fight because everyone made themselves the hero windows 10 guest account reddit free their own story. Everyone took it as their job to save this crucial freedom. Swartz participated in Wikipedia since August under the username AaronSw. InSwartz wrote an analysis of how Wikipedia articles are written, and concluded that the bulk of its content came from tens of thousands of occasional contributors, or “outsiders,” each of whom made few other contributions to the site, while a core group of to 1, regular editors tended to correct spelling and other formatting errors.

Swartz came to his conclusions by counting the number of characters editors added rwddit particular articles, while Wales counted the total number of edits. According to state and windows 10 guest account reddit free authorities, Windows 10 guest account reddit free used JSTORa digital repository[73] to download a large number [note 2] of academic journal articles through MIT’s iwndows network over the course of a few weeks in late and early On September 25,the IP address In the morning, another IP address, also accoung within the MIT network, began sending more PDF download requests, resulting in a temporary block on the firewall level of all MIT computers in the entire Note that this was an extreme case.

In deddit case, we saw a performance hit on the live site, which I have only seen about 3 or 4 times in my 5 years here. The pattern used was to create a new session for each PDF download or every reddiit, which was terribly efficient, but not terribly subtle. In the end, accoung saw over K sessions in one hour’s time during the peak. According to authorities, Swartz downloaded the documents through a laptop connected to a networking switch in a controlled-access wiring closet at MIT.

Recording was stopped once Swartz was identified; but rather than pursue a civil lawsuit against him, JSTOR reached a settlement with him in June where he surrendered the downloaded data. Aaron Swartz. Email describing PDF download activity snapshots see next images in gallery [88].

On the night windows 10 guest account reddit free January 6,Swartz was fgee near the Huest campus by MIT Police and a Secret Service agent, and arraigned in Cambridge District Court on two state charges of breaking and entering with intent to commit a felony. On July 11,he was indicted by a federal grand windows 10 guest account reddit free on charges of wire fraudcomputer fraudunlawfully obtaining information from a protected computerand recklessly damaging a protected computer.

On November 17,Swartz was reddut by a Middlesex County Superior Court grand jury on state charges wjndows breaking and entering with winows, grand larcenyand unauthorized access больше информации a computer network.

Heymannsupported windows 10 guest account reddit free evidence provided by Secret Service agent Guets S. Swartz and his lead attorney rejected the deal, opting instead for a trial where prosecutors would be forced to justify their pursuit of him. The federal prosecution involved what was characterized by numerous critics such as former Nixon White House counsel John Dean as an ” overcharging ” count indictment and “overzealous”, “Nixonian” prosecution for alleged computer crimes, brought by then U.

Attorney for Massachusetts Carmen Ortiz. Swartz died by suicide on January 11, On the evening of January 11,Swartz’s girlfriend, Taren Stinebrickner-Kauffmanfound him dead in his Brooklyn apartment. Days before Swartz’s funeral, Lawrence Lessig eulogized his friend and sometime-client in an essay, “Prosecutor as Bully. For in the 18 months of negotiations, that was what he was windows 10 guest account reddit free willing to accept.

I think he could have revolutionized American and worldwide politics. His legacy windows 10 guest account reddit free still yet do so. He was also distressed, she windows 10 guest account reddit free, because two of his friends had just been subpoenaed and because he no longer believed that MIT would try to stop the продолжить чтение. Several memorials followed soon afterward.

Swartz’s family recommended GiveWell for donations in his memory, an organization that Swartz admired, had collaborated with and was the sole beneficiary of his will. Carmen M. Ortizthen US Attorney for the District of Massachusetts, “As a parent and a sister, I can only imagine the pain felt by the family and friends of Aaron Swartz, […] I must, however, make clear that this office’s conduct was appropriate in bringing reddiy handling this case.

Aaron’s death is not simply a personal tragedy. It is the product of a criminal justice guedt rife with intimidation and prosecutorial overreach.

Decisions made by officials in the Massachusetts U. Attorney’s office and at MIT contributed to his death. On January 12,Windows 10 guest account reddit free family and partner issued a statement criticizing the prosecutors and MIT. Tom Dolanwindows 10 guest account reddit free of U. Attorney for Massachusetts Carmen Ortizwhose office prosecuted Swartz’s case, reddif with criticism of the Swartz family: “Truly incredible that in their own son’s obit they blame others for his death and guewt no mention of the /28037.txt offer.

MIT maintains an open-campus policy along with an “open network. Rafael Reif commissioned professor Hal Abelson to lead an analysis realtek definition audio driver 64 bit MIT’s options and decisions relating to Swartz’s “legal struggles.

Swartz’s attorneys requested that all pretrial discovery documents be made public, a move which MIT opposed. Rafael Reif, who authorized its public release windows 10 guest account reddit free July However, its report also noted that despite MIT’s advocacy for open access culture at the institutional level and beyond, the university never extended that support to Swartz. The report revealed, gest example, that while MIT considered the possibility of issuing a public statement about its position on the case, such a statement never materialized.

The Widows Post reported that “Ortiz has faced significant backlash for pursuing the case against Swartz, including a petition to the White House to have her fired. Reuters news agency called Swartz “an online icon” who “help[ed] to make a virtual mountain of information freely available to the public, including an estimated 19 million pages of federal court documents.

However, according to Harari, Swartz’s stance did not illustrate the belief in the freedom of persons or speech, but stemmed from the increasing belief among the young generation that above anything else, information should be free. Aaron Swartz’s legacy has been reported as strengthening the open access to scholarship movement.

In Illinois, his home state, Swartz’s influence led state university faculties to adopt policies in favor of open access. On January 13,members of Anonymous hacked two websites on the MIT domain, replacing them with tributes to Swartz that called on members of the Internet community acxount use windows 10 guest account reddit free death as a rallying point for the yuest access movement.

 
 

 

Windows 10 guest account reddit free. How to share a Windows 10 PC

 

Has anyone ever asked to use your computer? Would you let them use your user account knowing that they can access everything? Before going any further, below are some prerequisites.

In previous Windows versions, you have the option to enable the built-in guest account. However, in Windows 10 version , the built-in guest account is usable only in Shared PC mode , which is not available by default.

The following steps will walk you through creating a standard account in Windows, a precursor to creating a visitor account. Once the Run dialog appears, type control userpasswords2 inside the Open text entry section.

Click OK or press Enter to open the User Accounts window, where you will see a list of existing user accounts on your computer. The next window asks, How will this person sign in? Because your goal is to create a local user, you do not need to enter an email address.

Instead, click on the Sign in without a Microsoft account link at the bottom of the window. The differences between a Microsoft account and a local account are listed in the Add a user window.

As you are creating a local user account, click on the Local account button. In the User name box, type in the account name you want to create. Although this article uses the name Visitor, choose a descriptive name for your guest account. Adding a password is optional, but doing so will increase the guest accounts security. Click Next to finalize the account. By default the Visitor account is a member of the Users group. Read on to learn how to convert a standard account into a guest account!

Your newly created Visitor account is a Standard account. A standard account has many more permissions than a guest account. You have successfully converted a standard user account to a guest user account type. As you can see in the image below, the group membership changed from Users to Guests. What if you need to remove the guest account? Read on to learn how you can do so via the User Accounts window. Guest accounts are typically used temporarily. If you no longer need a guest account you can remove the account.

To delete the guest account, highlight the guest account from the User Accounts list and click on Remove, as shown in the screenshot below.

As you can see in the image below, you will receive a warning message confirming the removal operation. Click Yes to confirm removing the Windows 10 guest account. As is often the case, there are many ways to create a user account in Windows, read on to learn how to do so using the command prompt.

Using the command prompt is a potentially faster method of creating guest accounts than using the GUI. Originating in earlier versions of Windows, the net user commands allow adding, removing, and modifying user accounts on a computer via the command-line.

To start creating a guest account, follow the below steps. First, open an elevated command prompt by entering the text, Command Prompt, in the Windows search box. Once the Command Prompt application is shown in the search result, highlight the Command Prompt application, and click the Run as administrator option as shown below.

Next, it is easiest to copy and paste each command below into the opened command prompt window. Read on to learn how to remove a user account using the command prompt as well. When you no longer need a guest account, you can delete the guest account in an elevated command prompt. To remove the guest account, use the command below, substituting Visitor for the user account to remove. The deletion process will not prompt for a confirmation!

You will only see a command completion message upon account removal. Next, the command below will create a new local user account named Visitor without a password via the NoPassword parameter. The resulting object is passed into the Add-LocalGroupMember cmdlet adding the account into the Guests group. You will not receive a confirmation unless there was an error in the process. In this case, no news is good news. To confirm whether the command successfully created the Visitor account, use the Get-LocalGroupMember command below.

The below command looks for a group member called Visitor in the Guests group. The screenshot below shows the actual output when running the commands in PowerShell. As in the previous examples, when you need to remove a Windows 10 guest account, you can use PowerShell. To remove the guest account named Visitor , run the command below in PowerShell. Be aware that you will not receive a confirmation prompt when running Remove-LocalUser!

To verify that the Visitor account has been removed, run the Get-LocalUser command as shown below. The resulting error will indicate that the user account no longer exists. Allowing guests to use your computer need not be risky with a Windows 10 guest account.

Create a PowerShell script that asks for the name of the new guest user! Hate ads? Want to support the writer? Get many of our tutorials packaged as an ATA Guidebook.

ATA Learning is always seeking instructors of all experience levels. Why not write on a platform with an existing audience and share your knowledge with the world? ATA Learning is known for its high-quality written tutorials in the form of blog posts. ATA Learning. Twitter Facebook LinkedIn. Launching the User Accounts window via the Run dialog. Listing the existing user accounts in advance of adding a new standard account.

Adding a local user without a Microsoft account. Choosing to create a local user account instead of a Microsoft account. Adding a new user account without a password. Finalizing the newly created standard account.

The Visitor account. Converting a standard user account into a guest user account. The Visitor account membership has changed from Users to Guests. Removing a guest account via the User Accounts window. Confirming to remove the guest account. Opening an elevated command prompt. Adding a Windows 10 guest account using the command prompt. Opening PowerShell as an Administrator. Creating a Windows 10 Guest account using PowerShell.

Remove-Localuser -Name Visitor. Get-LocalUser -Name Visitor. Removing the Windows 10 guest account using PowerShell. Explore ATA Guidebooks. Get Paid to Write! Continue reading with these similar tutorials. Looks like you’re offline!

 
 

windows 10 upgrade – Safe to delete Windows10Upgrade at GB? – Super User – Add account to the Guest user group

 
 
Speech at ThoughtWorks New York. Fellow, Harvard University Edmond J. Archived from the original on November 4, Guynn, Jessica January 29, The Internet Society.